Hauv kev sib kis ntawm fiber ntau, qhov poob ntawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv optical fiber kis tau tus mob tsawg dua li ntawm tooj liab cable nyob rau hauv xaim xaim. Yog li ntawd, fiber ntau optical feem ntau yog siv rau cov teeb liab kis mus ntev. Thaum xaim, cov fiber ntau optical yog encapsulated hauv lub hnab yas, uas tuaj yeem tswj lub kaum sab xis kom tiv thaiv kev tawg. Cov fibers optical liab qab tuaj yeem muab faib ua lub hauv paus high-refractive-index iav core (cov tub ntxhais txoj kab uas hla feem ntau yog 50 lossis 62.5μm), nruab nrab qis-refractive-index silica iav cladding (inch feem ntau yog 125μm), txheej txheej sab nraud. ntawm resin txheej rau reinforcement, peb txheej txheej. Muaj ntau hom fiber ntau, ntau hom fibers, quartz fibers, thiab fluorine-doped fibers.
Hom thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm optical fibers
Ib hom kev kho qhov muag fiber ntau: ib hom fiber ntau optical uas tsuas yog ib hom kev kho qhov muag teeb liab, uas tuaj yeem xa 100M teeb liab mus txog qhov deb ntawm kaum kilometers.
Multimode optical fiber ntau: Hom fiber ntau optical no tuaj yeem xa tawm ntau hom kev kho qhov muag teeb liab, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws kis tau tus mob ntawm multimode optical fiber ntau rau kev xa tawm 100M teeb liab yog 2 kilometers.
Quartz optical fiber ntau: ib qho khoom siv kho qhov muag uas siv silicon dioxide (SiO2) ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb thiab tau teeb tsa raws li qhov sib txawv kom tswj tau qhov ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov tub ntxhais thiab cladding. Quartz optical fiber ntau muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg thiab broadband, thiab siv dav hauv cable TV thiab kev sib txuas lus.
Quartz iav raws li tus neeg xyuas pib tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov poob qis. Thaum lub teeb wavelength yog 1.0 ~ 1.7μm (nyob ib ncig ntawm 1.4μm), qhov poob tsuas yog 1dB / km, thiab qhov qis tshaj ntawm 1.55μm tsuas yog 0.2dB / km.
Fluorine-doped fiber ntau: Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov fiber ntau optic cables ntawm silica fiber. Raws li ib txwm muaj, 1.3Pm yoj domain kev sib txuas lus kho qhov muag fiber ntau, dopant ntawm cov tub ntxhais tswj yog germanium dioxide (GeO2), thiab cladding yog ua los ntawm SiO. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub ntxhais ntawm cov fluorine txuas fiber ntau feem ntau yog SiO2, thiab cov cladding yog impregnated nrog fluorine.
Yog li ntawd, nws yog ntshaw kom tsim dopants ntawm refractive index fluctuation yam, qhov tsawg dua qhov zoo dua. Fluorine tuaj yeem txo qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm SIO2, yog li nws tsuas yog siv rau txheej doping. Hauv cov fluorine-doped fiber ntau, cov tub ntxhais tsis muaj cov tshuaj fluorine dopants uas cuam tshuam rau qhov ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam. Vim tias nws cov Rayleigh tawg yog me me, thiab qhov poob yog ze rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus theoretical. Yog li ntawd, nws feem ntau yog siv rau qhov ntev-ntev optical teeb liab kis tau tus mob. Piv nrog rau cov khoom siv kho qhov muag ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv raw, quartz optical fiber kuj muaj qhov dav dav ntawm lub teeb kis tau los ntawm lub teeb ultraviolet mus rau lub teeb ze-infrared. Ntxiv nrog rau kev sib txuas lus lub hom phiaj, nws tseem tuaj yeem siv rau hauv thaj chaw xws li cov lus qhia lub teeb thiab cov duab xa mus.
