Optical fiber yog qhov luv luv ntawm optical fiber, ib qho fiber ntau ua los ntawm cov iav lossis yas, uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov cuab yeej sib kis. Cov ntsiab lus sib kis yog" tag nrho cov kev xav ntawm" Yog li no, daim ntawv thov ntawm optical fiber yog qhov dav heev, thiab muaj qee yam hauv qab no:
1. Lub nraub qaum xa hluav taws xob (SDH / SONET), xws li submarine optical cables ntawm cov nroog loj thiab cov dej hiav txwv;
2. Ethernet (GBE), suav nrog cov hluav taws xob tam sim no mus rau lub tsev (FTTH), ua lub tsev (FTTB), rau lub zej zog, thiab lwm yam, feem ntau yog peb lub tsev thiab chaw ua haujlwm sib txuas;
3. Cov ntaub ntawv network (Fiber channel), ntau cov chaw cia khoom, chaw khaws ntaub ntawv, suav nrog kev tsim cov kev pabcuam suav huab;
4. Cable TV kis (PIN txais tos);
5. Kev xa khoom rau lwm cov laj thawj tshwj xeeb, xws li lub dav hlau tua rog thiab kev tsav nkoj.
1. Luv luv piav qhia cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm fiber ntau
Teb: Ib qho hluav taws xob fiber ntau muaj ob qhov yooj yim: ib qho tub ntxhais thiab txheej cladding ua los ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag pob tshab, thiab txheej txheej txheej.
2. Dab tsi yog qhov ntsuas pib piav qhia cov kis ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob cov kab hluav taws xob?
Teb: suav nrog kev poob, kev xa tawm, cov kab xaib, txiav tawm ntawm lub yoj yoj, hom dav dua, thiab lwm yam.
3. Dab tsi yog vim li cas cov fiber attenuation?
Teb: Lub fais fab nyob rau hauv lub fiber ntau maj txo raws qhov ua ntu ntev. Kev txo hwj chim tawm tau cuam tshuam txog nthwv dej. Hauv kev sib txuas fiber ntau, qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev txo qis ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob yog tawg, nqus, thiab tsis muaj zog poob vim los ntawm cov txuas thiab fusion splices. Chav tsev ntawm attenuation yog dB.
Cov ua tshwm sim: Muaj ntau lub laj thawj rau lub ntsej muag fiber ntau, feem ntau: cov khoom siv kom haum, suav nrog kev ua kom tsis muaj zog thiab nqus tau; scattering attenuation, nrog rau cov qauv tawg, tsis sib dhos kev tawg thiab tsis qauv qauv tawg, thiab lwm yam.; lwm yam attenuation, suav nrog microbending attenuation, thiab lwm yam. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov ua kom tshwm sim los ntawm kev nqus ntawm impurities.
4. Dab tsi yog qhov bandwidth ntawm optical fiber ntsig txog?
Teb: Qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov xov hluav taws xob hais txog qhov kev hloov kho zaus thaum lub dav ntawm lub zog kho qhov muag tau txo los ntawm 50% lossis 3dB los ntawm qhov tsawg ntawm cov xoom xoom hauv qhov hloov pauv muaj nuj nqi ntawm qhov kho qhov muag. Kev siv bandwidth ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob fiber ntau yog kwv yees inversely xwm yeem rau nws ntev, thiab cov khoom lag luam ntawm bandwidth ntev yog tas mus li.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub teeb mem tes dav dua los ntawm cov pab pawg sib txawv ntawm cov sib txawv ntawm cov yoj yoj sib ntxig sib txawv hauv cov txheej txheem cov hluav taws xob hauv cov hluav taws xob fiber ntau.
5. Yuav ua li cas piav qhia txog qhov pom ntawm dispersion ntawm lub teeb liab tawm mus rau hauv qhov kho qhov muag fiber?
Teb: Nws tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm peb qhov ntau ntawm lub cev: cov mem tes dav dua, fiber ntau bandwidth, thiab fiber dispersion coefficient.
6. Dab tsi yog qhov txiav tawm ntawm ntuag sib npaug?
Teb: Nws hais txog qhov luv kawg ntawm lub yoj yoj uas tuaj yeem tsuas xa cov kev siv hom hauv qhov kho qhov muag. Rau ib hom fiber ntau, nws txoj kev txiav tawm ntuag luv yuav tsum luv dua li nthwv dej ntawm lub teeb kis tau.
7. Dab tsi yuav cuam tshuam zoo ntawm cov hluav taws xob optical fiber tau ua rau kev ua tiav ntawm kev sib txuas lus kho qhov muag fiber?
Teb: Kev faib tawm ntawm cov pa hluav taws xob fiber ntau yuav ua rau lub teeb nrig mem tes kom dav thaum lub sijhawm sib kis hauv cov khoom siv fiber ntau. Cuam tshuam qhov loj me ntawm qhov yuam kev me, qhov ntev ntawm kev sib kis, thiab qhov loj me ntawm qhov system ua ke.
8. Dab tsi yog xeem txoj cai ntawm Optical Lub Sij Hawm Txuas Ntxiv Reflectometer (OTDR)?' s ua haujlwm licas?
Teb: OTDR tau ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub teeb ci rov qab thiab Fresnel reflection. Nws siv lub teeb ci rov qab tsim tawm thaum lub teeb tawm hauv cov hluav taws xob fiber ntau kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv xa khoom tawm. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ntsuas kho qhov muag teeb pom kev zoo, kev puas tsuaj poob, qhov teeb meem fiber ntau qhov chaw, thiab nkag siab txog qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom hluav taws xob raws qhov ntev yog qhov cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kho, kev saib xyuas thiab soj ntsuam cov kho qhov muag. Nws lub ntsiab ntsiab lus txwv tsis suav nrog: kev khwv ntau yam, hloov tau, daws teeb meem, ntsuas lub sijhawm thiab qhov chaw dig muag, thiab lwm yam.
9. Dab tsi" 1310nm" lossis" 1550nm" nyob rau hauv ib qho kev ntsuas kho qhov muag pom hais txog?
Teb: Nws hais txog qhov wavelength ntawm lub teeb liab kho qhov muag. Cov kab hluav taws xob kis tau siv rau kev sib txuas lus fiber ntau hauv cheeb tsam ze-infrared, thiab qhov yoj yoj yoj nyob nruab nrab ntawm 800nm thiab 1700nm. Nws yog feem ntau muab faib ua luv luv-wavelength band thiab ntev-wavelength band, lub qub hais txog 850nm wavelength, thiab tom kawg hais txog 1310nm thiab 1550nm.
Ua haujlwm nthwv cua ntawm kev sib txuas lus fiber ntau yog nyob ze thaj chaw ze-infrared, thiab cov bands yog:
O band: 1260nm txog 1310nm
E band: 1360nm txog 1460nm
S band: 1460nm txog 1530nm
C band: 1535nm txog 1565nm
L band: 1565nm txog 1625nm
U band: 1640nm txog 1675nm
Hom kab hluav taws xob feem ntau ua haujlwm ntawm 1310nm, 1550nm thiab 1625nm.
10. Hauv kev lag luam optical fiber tam sim no, dab tsi yoj lub teeb muaj qhov tsawg tshaj plaws dispersion? Dab tsi nthwv dej ntawm lub teeb muaj qhov poob qis tshaj?
Teb: 1310nm wavelength teeb muaj qhov tsawg tshaj plaws dispersion, 1550nm wavelength teeb muaj qhov ploj me me.
11. Raws li cov qauv sib txawv ntawm cov xov hluav taws xob kis tau hauv cov hluav taws xob optical, yuav ua li cas kom faib cov qib fiber ntau?
Teb: Nws tuaj yeem faib ua hom fiber ntau thiab ntau hom fiber ntau. Lub hauv paus loj ntawm ib hom fiber ntau yog kwv yees 1-10μm. Ntawm lub muab ua haujlwm wavelength, tsuas yog ib qho siv tau hloov mus los, uas haum rau lub peev xwm loj ntawm kev sib txuas lus ntev. Multimode fiber tuaj yeem xa cov hluav taws xob tsis muaj hluav taws xob nyob rau ntau hom, thiab nws cov tub ntxhais lub taub yog li 50-60μm, thiab nws txoj kev sib kis tau phem dua li ntawm ib hom fiber ntau.
12. Dab tsi yog cov kab hluav taws xob fiber ntau ntawm cov qauv?
Teb: Nws muaj ob hom: txheej twist hom thiab pob txha hom.
13. Dab tsi yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kab hluav taws xob?
Teb: Nws yog tsuas yog tsim ntawm: fiber tub ntxhais, tshuaj pleev fiber ntau, cov khoom siv sheath, PBT (polybutylene terephthalate) thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv.
14. Dab tsi yog qhov cuab yeej los ntawm cov ntsia hlau hluav taws xob?
Teb: Hais txog kev tiv thaiv lub ntsiab lus (feem ntau cov hlau tsis xaim lossis xov hlau) siv tshwj xeeb rau kev siv hluav taws xob (xws li submarine optical cables, thiab lwm yam). Cov cuab yeej txuas txuas nrog hauv sheath puab ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob.
15. Dab tsi yog ob qhov pib ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob fiber ntau?
Teb: Txuas hluav taws xob fiber ntau cov khoom siv feem ntau hu ua cov khoom sib txuas ua haujlwm tau yooj yim. Rau qhov ua kom tau raws li kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ib leeg, kev ua kom pom tseeb yog ob lub hauv paus kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev nkag mus tsis tau thiab kev poob rov qab.
16. Yuav ua li cas muaj ntau hom ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob fiber txuas siv?
Teb: Raws li cov kev faib tawm txawv, cov khoom siv fiber ntau txuas tau muab faib ua ntau hom. Raws li cov xov xwm sib txawv sib kis, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua ib hom fiber ntau cov kab ke txuas thiab ntau hom kho qhov txuas fiber ntau; raws li cov qauv sib txawv, lawv tuaj yeem faib ua FC, SC, ST, D4, DIN, Biconic, MU, LC, MT thiab lwm hom; raws li lub ntsej muag kawg lub ntsej muag ntawm tus txuas yuav raug faib ua FC, PC (UPC) thiab APC. Cov khoom siv fiber ntau txuas ua ke: FC / PC fiber optic txuas, SC fiber ntau kho qhov txuas, LC fiber ntau txuas.
17. Optical fiber fusion splicing daim duab
18. Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb optical fiber tam sim no siv rau kev xa xov network tsim?
Teb: Muaj peb lub ntsiab, xws li G.652 cov paib ib hom fiber ntau, G.653 dispersion-hloov ib hom fiber ntau thiab G.655 tsis-xoom dispersion-hloov fiber ntau.
19. PON yog dab tsi (Passive Optical Network)?
Teb: PON yog qhov kev sib txuas hluav taws xob fiber ntau kho qhov muag nyob hauv cov neeg siv hauv zos, siv cov khoom sib txuas ua ke, xws li cov txuas hniav thiab cov sib cais.
20. Optical fiber txuas
Fiber ntau optic adapter
PC / UPC / APC fiber hla ntu
Ntu ntu ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob txuas yuav tsum tau muab faib ua PC, UPC, thiab APC.
PC thiab UPC yog microspheres fiber ntau kho qhov muag. Lub ntsej muag kawg yog thaum uas tig mus rau lub ntsej muag kawg ntawm lub cev ceramic. Kev lag luam tus qauv xa rov qab poob yog -35dB thiab -50dB, feem.
APC ntu muaj ib qho kev xav 8 lub kaum sab xis. Txhawm rau txo qis kev xav, kev lag luam tus qauv xa rov qab poob yog -60dB.
21. Optocoupler
Cov fiber ntau txuas (Coupler), tseem hu ua splitter (Splitter), yog ib qho khoom sib cais uas faib cov teeb liab kho qhov muag los ntawm ib qho kho qhov muag fiber ntau rau ntau qhov kho qhov muag.
Tus coupler yog ob txoj kev ntsuas kis, hom pib muaj hom ntoo, hom hnub qub.
