Tshooj 1 ------------------------------------ Kev paub txog kev paub
1.Cov npe xim
BROWN (BROWN) 棕色 RD (RED) 红色
LOS YOG (ORANGE) 橙色 YL (YELLOW) 黄色
GN (GREEN) 绿色 BLUE
PL (PURPLE) 紫色 V (VIOLET) 紫罗兰色
GY (GREY/GREY) 灰色 WH (WHITE) 白色
BK (BLACK) 黑色PK (PINK) 粉红色
LG (Light GREEN) LB (Tshav xiav)
IVR (IVORY) 乳白色 SLV (SILVER) 银色
2. txhais lus Askiv
AWG: AMERICAN WIRE GAUGE (美国电线标准)
UL: UNDERWEAR'S LABORATORIES INC (美国安全实验室（安规）)
CABLE: 电缆
WIRE HARNESS: 电子组合线
CONDUCTOR: 导 体
Rwb thaiv tsev: 绝缘
RESISTANCE: 电阻
CAPACITANCE : 电就文
SHIELD: 编组
H-POTTESTTING: 高压测试
G.W. :GROSS WEIGHT(毛重)NW: NET WEIGHT(净重)
AC: ALTEMATING Current(交流电) DC: DIRECT CURRENT(直流电)
FILLER: 填充物
IMPEDANCE: 阻抗
VW-1: TSI
Mylar: 麦拉
QM: QUALITY MANUAL (品质手册)
GM: General MANAGEMENT (经营管理程序)
MP: Kev Tswj Xyuas Txheej Txheem (行政管理程序)
QC: Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo (品质管理程序)
QE: Cov khoom siv zoo (检验设备管理程序)
SC: SERVICE CONTROL(业务管理程序)
PC: PRODUCTION CONTROL (生产管理程序)
Peb: Cov Khoom Siv Ua Haujlwm (生产设备管理程序)
MC: Khoom tswj (物料管理程序)
THIAB: ENGINEERING TECHNICAL (技术资料管理程序)
PQP: PRODUCT QUALITY PLAN (产品品质规划)
PPA: PROCEDURES analysis (产品制程分析)
QCA: Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo (产品品质管理工程分析)
SOP: STANDARD PROPERATION PRECEDURES (作业指导书)
SIP: STANDARD INSPECTION PRECEDURES(检验标准)
WEM: Ua hauj lwm Equipment phau ntawv (机器操作标准)
QEM: QUALITY PROCEDURES (品质程序)
PRODUCT : 产品 PROCESS : 过程 PROCEDURE : 程序 QUALITY : 质量
QUALITY POLICY: 质量方针 QUALITY ASSURANCE: 质量保证
QUALITY SYSTEM: 质量体系 QUALITY MANAGEMENT: 质量管理
QUALITY CONTROL: 质量控制 QUALITY PLAN: 质量计划
Tshooj 2 ------------------------------------Solder Knowledge
1. Kev txhais
Txoj kev sib txuas cov khoom siv raw nrog cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj qhov qis qis dua li cov khoom siv raw yog hu ua vuam.
General vuam raw khoom yog tin. Chemical acronym rau tin
Lub cim yog Sn. Nws yog ib txoj hauv kev uas cov xaim txuas nrog tus PIN txuas.
Lub Handa tin peb nquag siv tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov hlau nplaum thiab cov hlua khi raws li qhov pom.
Feem ntau, muaj tsib lwm cov hlau hauv cov hlau nplaum: tooj liab, cadmium, nyiaj, antimony, thiab kub.
Copper, cadmium, silver, antimony, kub khoom:
(1) Tooj-txo qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub taub;
(2) Cadmium-txo qhov kub thiab txias;
(3) Nyiaj-txhim kho lub wettability ntawm solder;
(4) Antimony-nce hardness ntawm cov solder;
(5) kub-tsis txhob muaj hlau paug nyob rau hauv lub solder.Lub solder feem ntau siv yog ib tug alloy ntawm tin thiab txhuas (Sn-Pb). Yog tias cov alloy Sn-Pb nrog qhov sib piv ntawm 61.9% -38.1% yog siv,
Thaum lub melting point ntawm tin yog mus txog, cov kua yuav sai sai ua ib qho khoom thiab tsis khov.
2. Txoj Cai
Lub molten tin yog txuas rau cov hlau huv si. Lub sijhawm no, cov tin thiab cov khoom yuav tsum tau welded tsim cov hlau sib txuas kom sib txuas.
Nyob rau hauv luv luv, solder siv tin li nruab nrab los ua ke ob hlau A thiab B los ntawm cua sov, thiab ib tug tshiab composite hlau yog generated los ntawm molten tin thiab nto ntawm lub solder.
3. Cov txheej txheem vuam
Ⅰ.Material: tin (solder wire, solder rod), flux
Lub melting point ntawm tin yog 183.3ºC, thiab nws yog sintered nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub los yog tsawg kub.
Cov pob qij txha soldered nrog tin muaj qhov sib txuas siab tshaj plaws thiab qhov sib txuas siab tshaj plaws.
Cov hom flux yog: acid flux, organic flux, rosin flux.
Flux muaj nuj nqi: tshem tawm cov acidified zaj duab xis thiab txawv teb chaws ntawm cov hlau nto ntawm lub hauv paus hlau, tiv thaiv cov hlau nto los ntawm acidified ntawm kub,
txo qhov nro ntawm lub welded lub cev, thiab pab lub welded lub cev thiab leej niam lub cev rau welded.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev npaj solder: kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, lub sijhawm ua haujlwm luv, ua tiav zoo, thiab ua tiav vuam.
Ⅱ.Cov cuab yeej: hluav taws xob soldering hlau, tin rauv
Lub hwj chim yuav tsum tau ntawm cov hluav taws xob soldering hlau thiab lub qhov cub soldering yog sib txuam nrog cov khoom yuav tsum tau welded.
Feem ntau, qhov kub ntawm cov hlau taub hau muaj feem xyuam rau hom thiab wattage ntawm lub cub hluav taws xob.
Yog tias qhov ntsuas kub tsawg dhau, qhov ntsuas kub tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag, thiab yog tias qhov kub thiab txias heev, lub cev soldered yuav raug hlawv.
Feem ntau, qhov kub thiab txias yog yuav tsum tau rau soldering, hluav taws xob soldering hlau: 320-360ºC, tin rauv: 260-280ºC.
Qhov kub ntawm cov hlau soldering tau teev tseg los ntawm peb lub tuam txhab yog 340 ± 50ºC, thiab qhov kub ntawm lub cub tawg yog 270 ± 50ºC.
Txhawm rau ntsuas qhov kub ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov hlau soldering, ib qho hluav taws xob soldering hlau tus pas ntsuas kub feem ntau yog siv los ntsuas nws.
Yog tias nws tsis siv ua ntej, thaum kuaj qhov kub ntawm cov hlau soldering, ntsaws cov hlau txuas rau hauv lub hwj chim qhov tsawg kawg yog 5 feeb ua ntej.
Ⅲ.Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov hlau soldering
1. Qhov kub thiab txias stabilizes sai
2. High thermal efficiency
3. tuaj yeem siv tsis tu ncua
4. Lub teeb yuag thiab yooj yim siv
5. Cov khoom sib pauv thiab kho yooj yim
6. Cov qauv muaj zog thiab lub neej ntev
Ⅳ.welding method
1. Muab tin thiab soldering hlau rau ntawm cov khoom tib lub sijhawm.
2. Tom qab tau rhuab los ntawm cov hlau soldering, thaum lub soldering hlau ncav cuag qhov kub ntawm soldering, lub tin pib yaj thiab txuas cov pob qij txha.
3. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov thermal efficiency ntawm lub taub hau soldering, siv lub taub hau soldering nrog rau thaj tsam loj li ntau li ntau tau.
4. Thaum qhov chaw sib txuas yog qhov loj, txhawm rau txhawm rau sib kis, txav lub taub hau ntawm lub taub hau txhua lub sijhawm.
5. Tsis txhob nias lub taub hau ntawm cov hlau soldering nyuaj rau ntawm cov khoom txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhuam nws, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob nias lub hau ntawm cov hlau soldering nyuaj.
6. Tus nqi ntawm cov tin yog tsim nyog.
Ⅴ .Kev ceev faj rau cov tin soldering
1. Tag nrho cov solder yuav tsum tau yaj tag.
2. Lub soldering tin yuav tsum tau sim kom tsis txhob muaj qhov kub thiab txias dhau los yog qis heev, kom lub ntsej muag tsis du thiab tsis sib xws.
3. Ua kom raug thiab txaus sib kis ntawm cov khoom sib txuas.
4. Solder npog tag nrho cov tooj liab conductors.
5. Thaum ntxiv solder, tsis txhob deterioration, puas, los yog xoob ntawm cov khoom, thiab tsis txhob ua puas lub insulator.
6. Tsis txhob tiv tauj ncaj qha nrog rosin kom nws ya mus.
7. Siv cov rosin flux uas tau teev tseg.
8. Lub plhaw ntawm cov hlau tsis tuaj yeem muab tso rau ntawm lub rooj, hauv av, lossis hauv lub tshuab.
9. Cov corrosive rosin yuav tsum tau ntxuav kom huv si tom qab siv.
10. Tsis-corrosive rosin kuj zoo, yog tias nws cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv, nws yuav tsum tau ntxuav.
11. Tsis txhob txav lub solder ua ntej nws tau solidified, los yog nws yuav poob yog tias nws tsiv.
12. Cov hlau nplaum tawg tuaj yeem ua rau kub hnyiab thiab qhov muag tsis pom kev, yog li tsis muaj kev ua phem thaum ua haujlwm.
4.lub xeev vuam txhais
Ⅰ.Txoj kev vuam zoo:
Qhov saum npoo yog du, lub tin taw tes yog tag nrho, uniform, du, thiab ci.
2. Cov txheej txheem vuam tsis zoo:
Thaum qhov kub ntawm lub cub tawg yog qis dua 220ºC, qhov pre-soldering feem ntau yuav dull, thiab thaum kub ntawm lub cub tawg yog siab tshaj 320ºC, lub rwb thaiv tsev yuav hlawv.
A. Thaum qhov kub ntawm cov hlau soldering siab tshaj 390ºC, cov xwm txheej hauv qab no yuav tshwm sim:
a. Tin yog nyuaj rau yaj rau cov khoom yuav tsum tau welded;
b. Lub tin ntws mus rau lwm qhov chaw kom tsis txhob raug soldered;
c. Lub flux nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom siv hlau yog vaporized thiab cov flux poob nws cov nyhuv;
d. Lub buildup ntawm txawv teb chaws teeb meem nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub solder sib koom ua ke cuam tshuam cov conductivity;
e. Corrodes lub taub hau soldering thiab shortens lub neej kev pab cuam.
B. Thaum qhov kub ntawm cov hlau soldering qis dua 290ºC, cov xwm txheej hauv qab no yuav tshwm sim:
a. Lub flux tau poob nws cov nyhuv thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov pob qij txha yog npub;
b. False soldering, lub tin taw tes ua honeycomb.
3. Tsis zoo welding phenomenon:
A. Cov pob qij txha yog cov pinholes
Yog vim li cas: Qhov kub ntawm lub taub hau ntawm cov hlau tsis txaus, thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub vuam lub cev yog acidified.
Qhov tshwm sim: Lub vuam lub zog tsis txaus, lub welded lub cev yog ib qho yooj yim mus poob, thiab kev sib cuag tsis zoo thaum ua hluav taws xob.
B. Lub ntsiab lus tin loj dhau thiab muaj pob
Yog vim li cas: Thaum lub tin tsis yog tag nrho solidified, lub welded lub cev txav. Cov txheej txheem electroplating ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub welded lub cev ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv, thiab lub taub hau hlau
Qhov kub thiab txias dhau los yog qis, thiab cov tin ntau dhau.
Qhov tshwm sim: Lub vuam taw tes tsis muaj zog txaus, thiab lub welded lub cev yog yooj yim sib cais, luv luv Circuit Court los yog kev sib cuag tsis zoo thaum ua hluav taws xob.
C. Tin ntws mus rau qhov chaw kom tsis txhob raug soldered
Yog vim li cas: Qhov kub ntawm cov hlau taub hau yog siab dhau thiab lub sij hawm soldering ntev dhau lawm.
Qhov tshwm sim: Qhib Circuit Court, luv Circuit Court, tiv taus hluav taws xob lossis tsis zoo rwb thaiv tsev thaum ua.
D. Tus nqi ntawm cov tin nyob rau hauv lub solder sib koom tsis txaus, lub tin point yog me me
Yog vim li cas: Qhov saum npoo ntawm lub cev yuav tsum tau welded yog tsis huv, lub flux yog siv tsis txaus, thiab lub lag luam tsis zoo thaum lub sij hawm soldering.
Qhov tshwm sim: Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv sib txuas ua ke nce, qhov vuam lub zog tsis txaus, thiab kev sib cuag tsis zoo thaum ua hluav taws xob.
E. Tus nqi ntawm cov tin hauv qhov sib koom ua ke yog ntau dhau, qhov chaw tin loj
Yog vim li cas: kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, kev paub tsis zoo, thiab tsis txaus hluav taws xob soldering hlau kub.
Cov txiaj ntsig: tsis muaj tseeb soldering, qhib Circuit Court, luv Circuit Court lossis tsis zoo voltage tsis kam, dull tin me ntsis, nyuaj nrhiav los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muag.
F. Cov rwb thaiv tsev yog qhwv hauv qhov taw tes tin
Yog vim li cas: ntau ntau tin ntau, ntau tin ntau txaus, tsis txaus xaim stripping loj.
Qhov tshwm sim: Lub zog sib txuas ntawm cov sib koom ua ke yog qhov tsawg, thiab qhov kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob los yog rwb thaiv tsev tsis zoo thaum ua hluav taws xob.
G. Lub taub hau ntawm cov tub ntxhais hlau yog tilted
Yog vim li cas: phem hlau stripping, phem npaj solder.
Qhov tshwm sim: luv Circuit Court lossis tsis zoo tiv taus hluav taws xob thaum ua haujlwm.
H. Cov tawv nqaij rwb thaiv tsev ntev dhau los ntawm qhov chaw vuam, uas yuav hlawv cov tawv nqaij rwb thaiv tsev thiab lub cev welded
Yog vim li cas: tsis zoo hlau stripping loj, tsis zoo npaj soldering, tsis zoo soldering lag luam, ntau soldering hlau taub kub, thiab lub sij hawm ntev soldering.
I. Flux thiab tin scattering
Yog vim li cas: kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo.
Qhov tshwm sim: Tsis zoo rwb thaiv tsev thaum lub sij hawm conduction yuav corrode tus neeg xyuas pib thiab ua rau disconnection.
Lus Cim: Cov ntsiab lus hais saum toj no yog rau cov hlau lead. Peb lub tuam txhab tau tam sim no hloov mus rau cov hlau lead-dawb solder. Qhov kub ntawm cov hlau soldering yog 440 ± 10ºC,
Qhov kub ntawm lub cub tawg yog 320 ± 10ºC.
Tshooj 3 ------------------------------------ Terminal crimping
1. Peb lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm A hlau thiab davhlau ya nyob twg; kev sib raug zoo ntawm B davhlau ya nyob twg thiab connector; kev sib raug zoo ntawm C terminal thiab mating terminal.
Muaj cov terminals los yog connectors kawg ntawm WIRE HARNESS. Lub hom phiaj ntawm HARNESS yog txuas hluav taws xob. Yog tias muaj qhov tsis xws luag hauv peb lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg, cov hluav taws xob tsis tuaj yeem ntws ib txwm.
A. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov xov hlau thiab cov terminals:
(1) Txawm hais tias qhov loj ntawm cov hlau yog raws li qhov loj me ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg;
(2) Seb cov tub ntxhais hlau arc loj npaum li cas raws li cov hlau stripping loj;
(3) Txawm hais tias lub stripped tub ntxhais hlau raug mob los yog txiav. Yog tias muaj kev cuam tshuam, ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm lub monitor;
(4) Txawm hais tias tus neeg xyuas pib qhov siab nyob rau hauv qhov siab ntawm tus nqi qhia thaum crimping lub tshuab crimping davhlau ya nyob twg, sim crimp nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm tus nqi qhia;
(5) Seb lub hauv ntej tub ntxhais hlau raug nthuav tawm;
(6) Txawm hais tias lub tswb lub qhov ncauj nyob ntawm ob sab, yog tias ntawm ib sab, nws yuav tsum nyob rau sab insulating;
(7) Thaum lub npog thiab cov tub ntxhais hlau raug nthuav tawm, qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov tub ntxhais hlau arc thiab cov insulating arc yuav tsum tau them; yog tias qhov stripping loj yog qhov qub, lub npog
Overlaying, ntau cov tub ntxhais hlau, thiab cov tub ntxhais hlau tsis txaus yog txoj kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo;
(8) Cov tub ntxhais hlau arc thiab rwb thaiv tsev arc yuav tsum tsis txhob deformed.
B. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg thiab lub connector:
(1) Seb tus nuv yog deformed;
(2) Cov tub ntxhais hlau ntev dhau lawm: yog tias cov tub ntxhais hlau ntev dhau lawm, lub davhlau ya nyob twg tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov sib txuas, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog 2SQ thiab 3SQ cov xov hlau.
(3) Ua tib zoo saib rau qhov dav ntawm qhov txuas PIN me ntsis thiab qhov loj ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg rwb thaiv tsev, thiab xyuam xim tshwj xeeb thaum crimping nrog cov pwm tsis sib xws;
(4) Deformation ntawm tsis siv neeg stabilizer: Yog hais tias nws yog deformed, nws yuav tsis muab tso rau hauv lub connector qhib thiab tsis tuaj yeem koom nrog lub connector.
C. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov terminals thiab cov khoom sib txuam:
(1) Deformation ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg haum: Txawm hais tias qhov qhib ntawm S thiab W-shaped sensing rods yog qhov qub,
S-shaped muaj 0.8 thiab 0.6. Ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov tseeb tias L-puab sib npaug ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas tau muab cais tawm, thiab koj yuav tsum paub meej tias nws puas yog cov khoom tsis tu ncua
(2) Paub meej tias qhov txiav sawb (pem hauv ntej kawg ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg) ntev dhau los lossis luv dhau, thiab seb puas muaj qhov deformation;
(3) Lub davhlau ya nyob twg yog khoov thiab deformed, thiab qhov nruab nrab yog deviated thaum lub connector yog ntxig, ua rau lub mating davhlau ya nyob twg tsis haum,
los yog ntau theem txuas tsis tau zoo, ua rau lub davhlau ya nyob twg sib phim raug nias thiab ua rau lub xauv poob.
2. Terminal crimping
Ⅰ.Definition
Crimping yog ib qho txheej txheem rau compressing thiab tshem cov hlau tsis pub dhau qhov txwv thiab txuas cov xov hlau rau tus PIN.
Qhov kev sib txuas zoo li no tuaj yeem tau txais kev siv tshuab zoo dua thiab kev sib txuas hluav taws xob. Nws tuaj yeem tiv taus ib puag ncig hnyav.
Nws yog feem ntau ntseeg hais tias qhov tseeb crimping kev twb kev txuas yog zoo dua welding. Crimping yuav tsum tau siv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv loj tam sim no zaus.
Thaum crimping, tshwj xeeb crimping pliers thiab tsis siv neeg thiab semi-automatic crimping tshuab yuav tsum tau siv. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qhov kev sib txuas crimp yog kev sib txuas mus tas li thiab tsuas yog siv tau ib zaug xwb.
Ⅱ.Crimping kev sib cuag qauv
(1) Intensive crimping: compress tag nrho cov conductors mus rau nruab nrab ib feem.
(2) Dispersive compression: Disperse tus neeg xyuas pib thiab ua kom tus neeg xyuas pib poob siab hauv qhov chaw nres nkoj xaim mus rau hauv ib qho duab.
Nias qhov kev txiav txim:
Ⅲ.Qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo tshwm sim los ntawm lub xeev tsis zoo
(1) Yas encapsulation - Vim tias qhov rwb thaiv tsev nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nres nkoj, lub siab xav tau ntau dhau thaum nias, uas ua rau tus neeg xyuas pib npog qhov tawg.
(2) Tsis muaj lub tswb lub qhov ncauj nyob rau tom qab kawg ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg-ntau dhau ua rau tus neeg xyuas pib tawg (kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tswb lub qhov ncauj: nws ua raws li qhov tsis sib xws, kom cov tub ntxhais xaim maj mam raug kev nyuaj siab).
(3) Kev xaim tsis txaus-ua rau xaim tsis muaj zog (lub zog crimping tsis txaus, thiab muaj qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev sib txuas hluav taws xob tsis ruaj khov).
(4) Flying tooj liab hlau-ua rau luv luv Circuit Court.
(5) Rwb thaiv tsev rov qab - qhov riveting ib feem ntawm lub rwb thaiv tsev tsis muaj kev sib cuag txaus nrog cov hlau, thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib cais.
(6) Lub davhlau ya nyob twg yog khoov thiab deformed - lub connector tsis tuaj yeem muab tso rau, lub davhlau ya nyob twg puas lawm, thiab nws tsis phim qhov sib koom ua ke.
3. Ceev faj rau kev nias
Ⅰ.Txoj kev ceev faj rau kev ua haujlwm nias
(1) Siv cov xaim hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv sib txuam;
(2) Txheeb xyuas qhov ntev ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj davhlau ya nyob twg, uas muaj feem xyuam rau cov hlau liab qab ntawm cov hlau;
(3) Qhov ntev ntawm cov hlau liab qab yog los xyuas kom meej qhov ntev hauv qab no (qhov ntev ntawm cov hlau liab qab tau teev tseg raws li txhua lub davhlau ya nyob twg,
vim tias kev ua cov hlau liab qab muaj feem xyuam rau kev ua haujlwm crimping thiab crimping zoo, nws tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej: 80% ntawm qhov zoo ntawm crimping yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau liab qab);
a. Pleev crimping ntsiav tshuaj zoo li lub davhlau ya nyob twg: cov tub ntxhais hlau ntawm lub hauv ntej kawg raug nthuav tawm 0.5 ~ 1.5 hli, thiab qhov loj ntawm cov hlau stripping qhib rau lub davhlau ya nyob twg yog 0 ~ 1 hli;
b. Kev txhaj tshuaj zoo li lub tsho nrog lub tes tsho insulating: cov tub ntxhais hlau ntawm lub hauv ntej kawg tau nthuav tawm 0.5 ~ 1.5 hli, thiab yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov raj insulating thiab cov xaim;
c. Nruam davhlau ya nyob twg: Cov tub ntxhais hlau nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej kawg yog nthuav tawm 0.5 ~ 1.5 hli, nruab nrab ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib crimping ib feem thiab cov insulator crimping ib feem, qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov tub ntxhais raug xaim yog sib npaug rau qhov loj ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev raug;
(1) Siv cov cuab yeej crimping tsim nyog thaum crimping;
(2) Kom paub meej tias txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov cuab yeej stripping;
(3) Tshawb xyuas kev tshuaj xyuas thiab lav ntawm cov cuab yeej crimping thiab tev cov cuab yeej.
Ⅱ.Cov khoom pov thawj kom paub tseeb ua ntej nias lub lag luam yog
(1) Paub meej tias daim npav qauv yog qhov tseeb;
(2) Paub meej tias qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb thiab cov qauv ntawm cov terminals puas yog;
(3) Paub meej tias tus lej xov tooj, cov qauv tshwj xeeb, xim thiab qhov loj ntawm cov xaim yog raug.
Ⅲ.Cov khoom yuav tsum tau lees paub tom qab nias ua haujlwm yog
(1) Paub meej tias lub davhlau ya nyob twg I / H, C / H nyob rau hauv qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb;
(2) Paub meej tias lub xeev crimping ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg yog qhov zoo;
(3) Txheeb xyuas seb qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb thiab cov qauv ntawm cov terminals puas yog;
(4) Paub meej tias tus lej xov tooj, qhov tshwj xeeb, qauv, xim thiab qhov loj ntawm cov xaim yog raug.
Tshooj 4 -------------------------------- Cov khoom siv kuaj
Ⅰ.Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntsuas
lub hauv paus ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev sim, lub hauv paus ntawm kev tswj cov txheej txheem, thiab txhais tau tias txo kev noj.
Ⅱ.Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntsuas qhov system
1. Kev ntsuas yuam kev: qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas thiab qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas (tus nqi).
Qhov yuam kev yog muab faib ua random yuam kev thiab systematic yuam kev. Random yuam kev tsis tuaj yeem them rov qab los ntawm kev kho, tab sis tuaj yeem raug txo los ntawm ntau qhov kev ntsuas. Qhov kev ua yuam kev tuaj yeem raug them los ntawm kev kho.
2. Kev ntsuas tsis paub meej: qhia txog qhov ua tau tus lej ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov ntau (tus nqi).
Kev ntsuas qhov tsis paub tseeb qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas thiab cuam tshuam rau tib neeg' kev nkag siab ntawm tus nqi ntsuas. Nws yog ib ntus tau los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev ntsuas.
Qhov kev ntsuas yuam kev qhia qhov txawv ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov tshwm sim los ntawm tus nqi tseeb. Nws tshwm sim objectively tab sis tib neeg tsis tuaj yeem tau txais qhov tseeb.
Ⅲ.Cov cuab yeej siv ntev ntev yog: steel kav, steel daim kab xev, vernier caliper, micrometer.
Ⅳ.Cov chav tsev loj siv feem ntau yog: 'meter' (M), centimeter (CM), millimeter (MM), silk (1% mm), micron (μ) (1‰ mm)
Ⅴ.Tsib yam uas cuam tshuam rau kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas: tib neeg, khoom siv, kev xav, kev taw qhia, thiab ib puag ncig.
1.Steel kav
Ⅰ.Steel kav:
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws steel kav muaj qhov tseeb ntawm 0.05mm, thiab qhov ntev yog 0 ~ 150mm, 0 ~ 300mm, 0 ~ 1000mm, thiab lwm yam. Zoo heev nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm qhov tseeb tsis tas yuav tsum tau.
Qhov kev ua yuam kev dav dav yog tsawg kawg yog ± 0.5%. Lub square ntug ntawm tus pas ntsuas steel yog xoom kab.
Ⅱ.Steel daim kab xev ntsuas:
Steel tapes feem ntau muaj lub tiaj tus nuv kom yooj yim ntsuas. Tab sis ua tib zoo saib seb puas yuav ntsuas qhov loj me lossis sab nraud, qhov yuam kev tshwm sim los ntawm lub thickness ntawm lub tiaj tus nuv yuav tsum tau them.
Qhov kev ua yuam kev dav dav yog tsawg kawg yog ± 0.01%.
2. Micrometer
Ⅰ.Basic concepts:
Micrometer yog cov cuab yeej ntsuas tshaj plaws. Nws yog ib qho cuab yeej ntsuas uas siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib hloov ntawm cov ntsia hlau khub los hloov cov lus tsa suab mus rau hauv cov lus tsa suab. Nws yog tsuas yog siv los ntsuas ntau yam sab nraud.
Qhov kev kawm tiav ntawm micrometer ib txwm tsis yog 0.001mm, tab sis qhov tseeb yog 0.01mm. Tsuas yog tus nqi kawm tiav ntawm micrometer micrometer yog 0.001mm.
Kev txav ntawm lub micrometer ntsia hlau ntawm lub micrometer feem ntau yog 25 hli, yog li nws qhov ntsuas ntau yog: 0 ~ 25mm 25 ~ 50mm 50 ~ 75mm 75 ~ 100mm
Kev ntsuas ntau ntawm micrometer siv los ntawm peb lub tuam txhab yog 0 ~ 25mm
Thaum ntsuas nrog lub micrometer, lub raj micrometer tuaj yeem siv rau kev hloov kho tsis dhau 5 hli. Thaum ntsuas nrog micrometer, me ntsis beep yog 1N; rau zeroing thiab kuaj, peb beeps yuav tsum tau ua.
Peb lub tuam txhab muaj ob hom micrometers, taw tes thiab tiaj tus. Lub taw tes micrometer feem ntau yog siv los ntsuas qhov siab ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg; lub tiaj tus micrometer feem ntau yog siv rau kev ntsuas lub cheeb sab nraud ntawm cov khoom tawv.
Ⅱ.Cov npe ntawm cov khoom ntawm micrometer:
tus pas ntsuas (hneev thav duab), ntsuas anvil, micrometer ntsia hlau, ntsuas qhov ntsuas, lub tes tsho ruaj khov, micrometer raj, lub zog ntsuas ntsuas, ntsuas hluav taws xob ntsuas hluav taws xob.
Ⅲ.Txoj kev xav tau
Cov yam ntxwv xav tau:
(1) Lub ntsuas ntsuas ntawm lub micrometer yuav tsum tsis txhob tawg, corroded, magnetized los yog lwm yam tsis xws luag, thiab cov kab kawm tiav yuav tsum meej thiab zoo li qub;
(2) Lub micrometer yuav tsum tau cim nrog tus nqi kawm tiav, ntsuas ntau yam, lub npe chaw tsim khoom (tus qauv qauv) thiab lub Hoobkas naj npawb;
(3) Lub micrometer hauv kev siv thiab tom qab kho yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis xws luag uas cuam tshuam rau qhov raug ntawm kev siv;
(4) Yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus.
Cov kev xav tau ntawm txhua yam khoom siv:
(1) Kev sib hloov ntawm lub micrometer lub tog raj kheej thiab kev txav ntawm lub micrometer ntsia hlau yuav tsum ruaj khov yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam;
(2) Kev hloov kho lossis kev thauj khoom thiab tshem tawm ntawm qhov hloov kho lossis hloov pauv ntsuas qhov ntsuas yuav tsum du, kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum txhim khu kev qha, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub ntsuas phoo yuav tsum ua tau zoo thiab siv tau;
(3) Rau lub dial micrometer, tes txav yuav tsum yoog raws thiab tsis muaj jamming;
(4) Thaum lub zog ntsuas ntsuas yog maj mam twist peb zaug, lub suab yuav tsum meej thiab nkig;
(5) Thaum rov qab mus rau xoom, ob lub ntsiab lus xoom yuav tsum sib haum, txwv tsis pub, lawv siv tsis tau thiab yuav tsum tau kho.
Ⅳ.Kwm muaj nuj nqi thiab tso saib cov lus qhia:
(1) HOLD khawm: tuav tus nqi tso tawm. Thaum tus nqi tso tawm tau khaws cia, lub vijtsam yuav tso tawm" P". Txhawm rau rho tawm, nias lub khawm HOLD.
(2) ZERO/ABS khawm: Nias lub pob no kom pom qhov xoom qhov chaw, tso saib thiab tswj qhov loj me rau qhov taw qhia siv.
(3) ORIGIN khawm: xoom qhov tseem ceeb. Yog tias koj nias lub pob no yuam kev, nias lub ZERO/ABS khawm kom rov qab lub xeev dhau los.
(4) Lub roj teeb voltage tsawg, hloov lub roj teeb tam sim ntawd.
Ⅴ.Cov kauj ruam ua haujlwm:
(1) Qhib lub hwj chim hloov" ON" thiab tig lub ntsuas lub zog ntsuas lub moos kom ua rau lub micrometer ntsia hlau thiab ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas tsuas yog kov.
(2) Maj mam tig lub cuab yeej ntsuas lub zog peb zaug (uas yog, hnov peb clicks).
(3) Nias tus yuam sij xoom kom rov pib dua cov duab digital mus rau xoom, thiab tig lub zog ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas lub ntsuas ntsuas kom ua rau lub micrometer ntsia hlau thiab ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov kev ncua deb.
(4) Muab cov khoom kuaj ntawm lub micrometer anvil thiab micrometer ntsia hlau.
(5) Tig lub ntsuas lub zog ntsuas lub moos kom lub micrometer ntsia hlau nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov khoom ntsuas, thiab tom qab ntawd tig lub ntsuas lub zog ntsuas peb zaug (uas yog, hnov peb lub clicks) nyeem cov nqi ntsuas.
Thaum ntsuas qhov siab ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg nrog lub micrometer, qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm qhov riveted ib feem ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg thiab cov insulator yuav tsum ntsuas.
Ua ntej ntsuas, paub meej tias xoom point ntawm lub micrometer. Thaum rov pib dua rau xoom, lub micrometer ntsia hlau yuav tsum tsis txhob tig ntau dhau, txwv tsis pub, qhov tseeb tus nqi ntsuas tsis tau.
Tsis tas li ntawd, lub micrometer ntsia hlau yuav yooj yim puas.
Tshooj 5 ------------------------------------------------ Xov Xwm
1.Professional kab lus ua lus Askiv
1. Hlau lub ntsiab lus:
Kev nkag siab dav: cov ntsiab lus dav dav rau cov hlau tsis muaj hluav taws xob, cov xaim hluav taws xob, cov xaim hluav taws xob, cov kab hluav taws xob, thiab cov xaim hloov pauv tau siv los ua hluav taws xob.
Kev nkag siab nqaim: hais txog cov kab hluav taws xob insulated nrog cov duab puag ncig thiab tiaj tus.
2. Hla ntu ntu:
Qhov loj ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib' qhov chaw hla ntu, hu ua qhov loj me, qhia hauv mm² SQ; yog tias muaj cov hlau tsis paub nws cov specification, peb tuaj yeem ntsuas nws ntawm peb tus kheej,
thawj zaug ntsuas lub cheeb kab ntawm ib tug tooj liab hlau, thiab tom qab ntawd siv lub cheeb tsam Cov qauv kev xam pom qhov chaw hla ntu ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib,
thiab tom qab ntawd muab nws los ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom sib txuas kom tau txais qhov chaw hla ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib. Kev suav cov mis: S=π(d/2)² * n;
Ntawm lawv: d sawv cev rau txoj kab uas hla ntawm ib tus neeg xyuas pib n yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov conductors
3. Tus coj:
Qhov uas tuaj yeem ntws tau tam sim no, feem ntau yog tooj liab thiab txhuas; tooj liab hlau feem ntau muaj liab qab tooj liab, tinned tooj liab, xim ntawm liab qab tooj liab yog golden daj, thiab xim ntawm tinned tooj liab yog nyiaj dawb.
4. Ib leeg xaim:
Ib tug hlau uas muaj ib tug conductor.
5. Insulator:
Ib txheej tiv thaiv tau teem rau ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib txhawm rau tiv thaiv hluav taws xob thiab tiv thaiv tam sim no los ntawm kev xau.
Hom insulators feem ntau muaj xws li: PVC, PE, PP, thiab lwm yam.
| PVC | Nws tsis yooj yim rau hlawv. Thaum lub sij hawm combustion txheej txheem, qhov hluav taws kub yog extinguished, thiab PVC kuj yuav tua |
| PE | Nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus hlawv, muaj tswm ciab tsw thaum hlawv, qhov hluav taws kub yog extinguished, thiab nws muaj peev xwm mus hlawv. |
| PP | Nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus hlawv, cov hlaws hluav taws poob thaum hlawv, qhov hluav taws kub yog tua, thiab nws tseem tuaj yeem hlawv ntxiv. |
Core hlau:Nyob rau hauv lub cable sheath, tus neeg xyuas pib yog them nrog ib tug insulator los tsim ib tug tag nrho cov hlau ntawm cable.
Sab nrauv npog:Ib txheej ntawm daim tawv nqaij npog los ntawm ib tug tub ntxhais hlau los yog ntau yam cores rau kev tiv thaiv lub hom phiaj.
Stranded hlau:Ib lub xaim uas muaj ntau lub xov tooj tooj liab twisted ua ke yam tsis muaj ib qho insulator.
Stranded hlau:Ib lub xaim uas muaj ntau cov xov hlau nrog cov insulators twisted ua ke.
Composite hlau:ib lub cable muaj li ntawm ob lossis ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cores.
Stranded hlau muaj S twist (clockwise), Z twist (counterclockwise)
Twisting nrug:qhov kev ncua deb d mus los ntawm ib qho hlau nyob rau hauv twisted hlau.
Cov duab hauv qab no yog daim duab schematic ntawm cov tub ntxhais hlau stranding:
Nws muaj ob lub xov hlau twisted, qhia los ntawm P; lub hauv paus yog denoted los ntawm C.
Piv txwv li: 34P txhais tau tias 34 khub ntawm cov xov hlau sib tw; 34C txhais tau tias 34 core xov hlau.
Marshalling:
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov suab nrov sab nraud los ntawm kev nkag mus rau tus neeg xyuas pib, kom tus neeg xyuas pib tuaj yeem xa tawm tam sim no thiab teeb liab zoo dua,
ib txheej ntawm braided tiv thaiv txheej ua los ntawm nyias tooj liab hlau los yog hlau yog siv rau sab nraud ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib.
Muaj net-zoo li tus thiab ncaj-qhov txhab spirals.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm ob pawg no yog tib yam, feem ntau tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam sab nraud; Qhov txawv yog tias sab nraud txoj kab uas hla ntawm kab rov tav-hloov hlau yog nyias nyias.
Twisted-pair cable:
Nws yog tsim los ntawm ob khub ntawm cov tub ntxhais xov hlau nrog tib lub rwb thaiv tsev kev ua tau zoo thiab tib tus neeg xyuas pib specifications;
Qhov zoo: txo qhov degree ntawm kev cuam tshuam, qhov ntau dua qhov ceev, qhov me me ntawm kev cuam tshuam.
Muab ib lossis ntau khub ntawm cov xov hlau sib tw rau hauv ib lub tes tsho insulating los ua ib qho kev sib tw twisted.
Kev sib txuas lus cable: cable siv los xa xov tooj, cov ntaub ntawv, thiab cov duab kos duab.
Coaxial Cable:
Kev sib txuas lus zoo dua qub siv los xa cov ntaub ntawv siab dua.
Hom tag nrho:
Txhawm rau ua kom cov tub ntxhais sib txuas ntau dua, qhov sib txawv ntawm txhua tus tub ntxhais hlau yog ntim nrog PVC. Xws li ib tug hlau yog hu ua ib tug tag nrho hom hlau.
Intermediate hom:
Qhov sib txawv ntawm txhua tus tub ntxhais hlau tsis yog PVC tab sis ntim nrog paj rwb, ntawv, jute fiber, thiab lwm yam. Cov xov hlau zoo li no hu ua intermediary wires.
Immittance:
Lub cev tsis kam yog qhov tsis kam ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib, uas qhia tias tus neeg xyuas pib tsis tuaj yeem ua tam sim no zoo dua.
Rwb thaiv tsev tsis kam:
Insulators tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov xau tam sim no zoo dua.
Ua hauj lwm voltage:
Ntsuam xyuas seb lub insulator thiab cov tawv nqaij ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib tuaj yeem tiv taus qee qhov hluav taws xob.
Kev txuas ntxiv:
Ntsuas seb tus neeg xyuas pib txuas nrog, seb puas muaj kev cuam tshuam, thiab lwm yam.
Flammability:
Ntsuas seb lub insulator puas tuaj yeem hlawv thiab nws yooj yim npaum li cas los hlawv.
FT1 yog Canadian CSA ntsug burning test, thiab VW-1 yog American UL ntsug burning test.
