Cov tooj liab ntshiab yog siv ntau dua li cov hlau ntshiab, thiab 50 feem pua ntawm cov tooj liab yog electrolytically purified rau cov tooj liab ntshiab txhua xyoo rau kev lag luam hluav taws xob. Cov tooj liab ntshiab uas hais ntawm no yog qhov tseeb heev, nrog cov ntsiab lus tooj liab ntau dua 99.95 feem pua. Tsawg heev ntawm impurities, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog phosphorus, arsenic, txhuas, thiab lwm yam, tuaj yeem txo qhov conductivity ntawm tooj liab. Oxygen hauv tooj liab (ib qho me me ntawm cov pa oxygen yooj yim sib xyaw hauv tooj liab smelting) muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev siv hluav taws xob, yog li tooj liab siv hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob feem ntau yuav tsum yog cov pa oxygen- dawb tooj liab. Tsis tas li ntawd, impurities xws li txhuas, antimony, thiab bismuth yuav ua rau cov crystals ntawm tooj liab tsis tuaj yeem ua ke ua ke, ua rau kub brittleness thiab cuam tshuam rau kev ua cov tooj liab ntshiab.
Qhov no siab -purity ntshiab tooj liab feem ntau yog refined los ntawm electrolysis: siv impure tooj liab (uas yog, blister tooj liab) raws li cov anode, ntshiab tooj liab li cathode, thiab tooj liab sulfate tov raws li cov electrolyte. Thaum qhov tam sim no dhau mus, cov tooj liab tsis huv ntawm lub anode maj mam yaj, thiab cov tooj liab ntshiab maj mam precipitates ntawm cathode. Cov tooj liab tau los ntawm txoj kev no; purity tuaj yeem ncav cuag 99.99 feem pua.
Liab tooj liab yog tooj liab dawb, uas feem ntau tuaj yeem suav tias yog tooj liab ntshiab, nrog cov hluav taws xob zoo thiab cov yas, tab sis tsis muaj zog thiab tawv.
Khoom thiab kev siv ntawm tooj dag
Brass yog ib hom tooj liab uas muaj lwm yam alloys. Nws tus nqi yog pheej yig dua li cov tooj liab liab. Nws cov conductivity thiab plasticity yog me ntsis phem dua li cov liab tooj liab, tab sis nws lub zog thiab hardness yog siab dua.
Brass yog ib qho alloy ntawm tooj liab thiab zinc. Cov tooj dag yooj yim tshaj plaws yog tooj liab -zinc binary alloy, hu ua tooj dag yooj yim lossis tooj dag zoo tib yam, thiab tooj dag nrog cov khoom siv sib txawv tuaj yeem tau los ntawm kev hloov cov ntsiab lus zinc hauv tooj dag. Qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus zinc hauv tooj dag, lub zog ntau dua thiab qis dua cov yas. Cov ntsiab lus zinc ntawm tooj dag siv hauv kev lag luam tsis tshaj 45 feem pua. Txawm hais tias zinc cov ntsiab lus siab npaum li cas, nws yuav ua rau brittleness thiab deteriorate cov khoom alloy.
Adding 1 percent tin to brass can significantly improve the resistance of brass to seawater and marine atmospheric corrosion, so it is called "navy brass". Tin can improve the machinability of brass. Lead brass is what we usually call easy-cutting national standard copper. The main purpose of adding lead is to improve machinability and wear resistance, and lead has little effect on the strength of brass. Engraved copper is also a type of lead brass. Most brasses have good color, workability, ductility, and are easy to electroplate or paint.
Hauv kev lag luam thiab kev siv pej xeem, cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv raug xaiv raws li kev siv sib txawv. Xws li hlau, qhov yuav tsum tau yog softer, tooj liab yog zoo dua. Yog tias nws yog siv los ua ib qho txuas, qhov chaw uas cov ntsia hlau txuas yog feem ntau ua los ntawm tooj dag.
Khoom thiab kev siv ntawm tooj dag
Keeb kwm yog hais txog tooj liab- tin alloys, thiab tom qab ntawd tooj liab alloys tshwj tsis yog tooj dag thiab cupronickel hu ua tooj liab, thiab lub npe ntawm thawj lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntxiv yog feem ntau ua ntej rau lub npe tooj liab. Tin bronze muaj kev ua tau zoo casting, tiv thaiv - kev sib txhuam kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov bearings, cab iav, iav, thiab lwm yam. Lead bronze yog cov khoom siv dav siv rau cov cav tov niaj hnub thiab cov tshuab sib tsoo. Aluminium bronze muaj lub zog siab, zoo hnav tsis kam thiab corrosion kuj, thiab yog siv rau casting siab -load gears, bushings, marine propellers, etc. Beryllium bronze thiab phosphor bronze muaj siab elastic txwv thiab zoo hluav taws xob conductivity, thiab yog haum rau kev tsim cov precision springs thiab hluav taws xob tiv tauj cov ntsiab lus. Beryllium bronze kuj tseem siv los ua cov cuab yeej uas tsis yog -cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv hauv cov mines thiab cov roj depots.
Khoom thiab kev siv ntawm tooj liab dawb
Ib tug tooj liab alloy nrog npib tsib xee ua lub ntsiab additive. Cov tooj liab -nickel binary alloy yog hu ua cupronickel zoo tib yam; cupronickel alloy nrog manganese, hlau, zinc, txhuas thiab lwm yam khoom hu ua complex cupronickel. Kev lag luam cupronickel tau muab faib ua ob pawg: cov qauv cupronickel thiab hluav taws xob cupronickel. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv cupronickel yog cov khoom siv zoo thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab xim zoo nkauj. Qhov no cupronickel yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov precision machinery, tshuaj machinery thiab nkoj Cheebtsam. Hluav taws xob cupronickel feem ntau muaj cov khoom siv thermoelectric zoo. Manganin, constantan thiab kuaj tooj liab yog manganese cupronickel nrog cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm manganese, thiab siv rau hauv kev tsim cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob precision, varistors, precision resistors, strain gauges, thermocouples, thiab lwm yam.
Yuav ua li cas paub qhov txawv ntawm tooj liab, tooj dag, bronze thiab cupronickel
White copper, brass, red copper (also known as "red copper"), and bronze (blue-gray or gray-yellow) are distinguished by color, among which white copper and brass are very easy to distinguish; red copper is pure copper (impurity <1%) )="" and="" bronze="" (about="" 5%="" of="" other="" alloy="" components)="" are="" slightly="" difficult="" to="" distinguish.="" when="" it="" is="" not="" oxidized,="" the="" color="" of="" red="" copper="" is="" brighter="" than="" that="" of="" bronze,="" and="" the="" bronze="" is="" slightly="" cyan="" or="" yellowish;="" after="" oxidation,="" the="" red="" copper="" becomes="" black,="" and="" the="" bronze="" is="" turquoise="" (harmful="" oxidation="" of="" water)="" or="" chocolate="">
